Hybrid XML Retrieval: Combining Information Retrieval and a Native XML Database

This paper investigates the impact of three approaches to XML retrieval: using Zettair, a full-text information retrieval system; using eXist, a native XML database; and using a hybrid system that takes full article answers from Zettair and uses eXist to extract elements from those articles. For the content-only topics, we undertake a preliminary analysis of the INEX 2003 relevance assessments in order to identify the types of highly relevant document components. Further analysis identifies two complementary sub-cases of relevance assessments ("General" and "Specific") and two categories of topics ("Broad" and "Narrow"). We develop a novel retrieval module that for a content-only topic utilises the information from the resulting answer list of a native XML database and dynamically determines the preferable units of retrieval, which we call "Coherent Retrieval Elements". The results of our experiments show that -- when each of the three systems is evaluated against different retrieval scenarios (such as different cases of relevance assessments, different topic categories and different choices of evaluation metrics) -- the XML retrieval systems exhibit varying behaviour and the best performance can be reached for different values of the retrieval parameters. In the case of INEX 2003 relevance assessments for the content-only topics, our newly developed hybrid XML retrieval system is substantially more effective than either Zettair or eXist, and yields a robust and a very effective XML retrieval.Comment: Postprint version. The editor version can be accessed through the DO

The kinetics of elementary reactions

The fundamental aim of the work contained in this thesis is the better understanding of the factors that govern the rates of chemical reactions. Most of the work is concerned with the investigation of reactions in the gas phase, because homogeneous gas reactions may be expected to yield most readily to theoretical treatment. True gas reactions are free from such complicating factors as solvatiot, adsorption and, except in special cases, diffusion. There are however some solution reactions which might be simple; they are the reactions for which the transfer of a proton is the rate- determining step. Some of the work in this thesis is concerned with reactions of this type. It will be seen from the published papers that the most complex experimental techniques are often required to investigate the reactions of greatest formal simplicity. The rate constants of these simple reactions can usually only be measured when the experimental systems are carefully designed for this specific purpose.Book. • Gas Kinetics: An Introduction to the Kinetics of Homogeneous Gas Reactions. • • Published Papers. • 1. The Reactions of Methyl Radicals. • 2. Entropy Changes in Free Radical Reactions. • 3. Studies in Energy Transfer II. The Isomerization of Cyclopropane -a quasi- Unimolecular Reaction. with H.O.Pritchard and R.G.Sowden. • 4. Studies in Energy Transfer III. The Effect of Added Gases on the Decomposition of Cyclobutane. with H.O.Pritchard and R.G.Sowden. • 5., The Thermal Decomposition of Azomethane. with H.O.Pritchard and M.Page. • 6. The Thermal Decomposition of t- Butylamine. with H.O.Pritchard and R.G.Sowden. • 7. The Reactions of Methyl Radicals with Acetone, Diethyl Ketone and Di -t -butyl Peroxide. with G.O.Pritchard and H.O.Pritchard. • 8. The Exchange of Iodine Atoms between Iodine and Methyl Iodide in the Temperature Range 150 -3751). with D.Clark and H.O.Pritchard. • 9. The Study of Chlorine Atom Reactions in the Gas Phase. with H.O.Pritchard and J.B.Pyke. • 10. The Reactions of Trifluoromethyl Radicals. with G.O.Pritchard, H.O.Pritchard and H.I.Schiff. • 11. The Thermal Decomposition of Cyclopentyl Bromide. with S.J.W.Price and R.Shaw. • 12. The Reactions of Chlorine Atoms - A Test of the Transition State Theory. with J.H.Knox. • 13. The Crystal Structure of Nitramide, NH2NO2. with C .A .Beevers. • 14. Recent Developments of Gas Kinetics. • • General. • 15. The Teaching of Chemical Kinetics. Shorter Contributions. • 16. A Method for the Study of Chlorine Atom Reaction. The Reaction Cl - CH4 -- CH3 _ HC1. with H.O.Pritchard and J.B.Pyke. • 17. The Photolysis of Acetaldehide. with G.O.Pritchard and H.O.Pritchard. • 18. The C -C Bond Dissociation Enegies in Cyclanes. with H.O.Pritchard. • 19. The C -C Bond Dissociation Energy in Cyclobutane. with H.O.Pritchard. • 20. The Photolysis of Hexafluoroazomethane and the Reactions of CF Radicals with Methane and nButane. with G.O.Pritchard,and H.O.Pritchard. • 21. The C -H Bond Dissociation Energy in Fluorofom. with G.O.Pritcha.rd, H.O.Pritchard and H.I.Schiff. • 22. The Reactions of Methylene. with J.H.Knox. • 23. The Isomerization of Cyclopropane at very low Pressures. with H.O.Pritchard and R.G.Sowden. • 24. The Combination of Nitrogen Atoms. with G.Boocock and H.O.Pritchard. • • Papers in the course of publication. • 25. Carbon -Metal Bonds I. The Pyrolyses of Dimethyl Mercury and Dimethyl Cadmium. with S.J.'rA.Price. • 26. Carbon Metal Bonds 2. The Pyrolysis of Dimethyl Zinc. with S.J.W.Price. • 27. The Decomposition of Nitramide in Anisole Catalysed by Anilines. with G.C.Fettes, J.A.Kerr, A.McClure, J.S.älater and C.Steel. • 28. The Photoinitiated Decomposition of Acetaldehyde Catalysed by Thiols. with R.N.Birrell, R.F.Smith and H.Wilkie. • 29. The Pyrolysis of t -Butyl Forrñate. with R.Gordon and S. J. W. Price. • 30. The Study of Free Radical Reaction by Competitive methods. with J.H.Knox. • 31. The Reactions of Methylene with Alkanes, with J.H.Knox. • 32. The Reactions of Methyl Radicals with Thiols. with J.A.Kerr

Using Proximity and Tag Weights for Focused Retrieval in Structured Documents

International audienceFocused information retrieval is concerned with the retrieval of small units of information. In this context, the structure of the documents as well as the proximity among query terms have been found useful for improving retrieval effectiveness. In this article, we propose an approach combining the proximity of the terms and the tags which mark these terms. Our approach is based on a Fetch and Browse method where the fetch step is performed with BM25 and the browse step with a structure enhanced proximity model. In this way, the ranking of a document depends not only upon the existence of the query terms within the document but also upon the tags which mark these terms. Thus, the document tends to be highly relevant when query terms are close together and are emphasized by tags. The evaluation of this model on a large XML structured collection provided by the INEX 2010 XML IR evaluation campaign shows that the use of term proximity and structure improves the retrieval effectiveness of BM25 in the context of focused information retrieval

PTEN Regulation of Local and Long-Range Connections in Mouse Auditory Cortex

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are highly heritable developmental disorders caused by a heterogeneous collection of genetic lesions. Here we use a mouse model to study the effect on cortical connectivity of disrupting the ASD candidate gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10). Through Cre-mediated recombination, we conditionally knocked out PTEN expression in a subset of auditory cortical neurons. Analysis of long-range connectivity using channelrhodopsin-2 revealed that the strength of synaptic inputs from both the contralateral auditory cortex and from the thalamus onto PTEN-cko neurons was enhanced compared with nearby neurons with normal PTEN expression. Laser-scanning photostimulation showed that local inputs onto PTEN-cko neurons in the auditory cortex were similarly enhanced. The hyperconnectivity caused by PTEN-cko could be blocked by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the PTEN downstream molecule mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Together, our results suggest that local and long-range hyperconnectivity may constitute a physiological basis for the effects of mutations in PTEN and possibly other ASD candidate genes

Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz-Gorlin) syndrome with taurodontism

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74895/1/j.1754-4505.1996.tb01539.x.pd